Avatar is a 2009 American[5][6] epic science fiction film written and directed by James Cameron and starring Sam Worthington, Zoe Saldana, Sigourney Weaver, Stephen Lang, Joel David Moore, and Michelle Rodriguez. The film is set in 2154, when humans are mining a precious mineral called unobtanium on Pandora, a lush moon of a gas giant in the Alpha Centauri star system.[7][8][9] The expansion of the mining colony threatens the continued existence of a local tribe of Na'vi—a humanoid species indigenous to Pandora. The film's title refers to the genetically engineered Na'vi-human hybrid bodies used by a team of researchers to interact with the natives of Pandora.[10]
Development on Avatar began in 1994, when Cameron wrote an 80-page scriptment for the film.[11] Filming was supposed to take place after the completion of Cameron's 1997 film Titanic, for a planned release in 1999,[12] but according to Cameron, the necessary technology was not yet available to achieve his vision of the film.[13] Work on the language for the film's extraterrestrial beings began in summer 2005, and Cameron began developing the screenplay and fictional universe in early 2006.[14][15]
Avatar was officially budgeted at $237 million.[2] Other estimates put the cost between $280 million and $310 million for production and at $150 million for promotion.[16][17][18] The film was released for traditional 2-D viewing, 3-D viewing (using the RealD 3D, Dolby 3D, XpanD 3D, and IMAX 3D formats), and 4-D viewing.[19] The stereoscopic filmmaking was touted as a breakthrough in cinematic technology.[20]
Avatar premiered in London on December 10, 2009, and was released overseas on December 16 and in North America on December 18, to critical acclaim and commercial success.[21][22][23] The film broke several box office records during its release and became the highest-grossing film of all time in North America[24] and worldwide, surpassing Titanic, which had held the records for the previous 12 years.[25] It also became the first film to gross more than $2 billion.[26] Following the film's success, Cameron stated that there will be at least two sequels.[27] Avatar was nominated for nine Academy Awards, including Best Picture and Best Director,[28] and won three, for Best Cinematography, Best Visual Effects, and Best Art Direction.
Friday, June 25, 2010
Monday, June 21, 2010
New toyota car 2010
Toyota Prius Pictures
All about Toyota Prius Pictures and Videos.
Toyota Prius Hybrid 2010 Full Resolution0
Posted by Admin | Posted in Toyota Prius Hybrid 2010 | Posted on 12-03-2010
2010-toyota-prius-hybrid
2010 Toyota Prius Third
2010 Toyota Prius – Third
2010 Toyota Prius — 'more of
2010 Toyota Prius Hybrid
2010 Toyota Prius Plug-in
2010 Toyota Prius Plug In
In just the first 10 weeks of this year, 272 complaints have been filed nationwide for speed control problems with the Prius, according to an Associated Press analysis of unverified complaints received by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.
For problems with the brakes, rather than the gas, the figures are even more stark: 1,816 filed so far this year versus just 90 in all of 2009 and fewer than 20 in every other year of the last decade. Toyota recalled 440,000 Priuses on Feb. 8 because its antilock brakes seemed to fail momentarily on bumpy roads.
2004-2008 Toyota Prius Recall Will Reshape Accelerator Pedal …
Runaway Prius Hybrid Could Prompt Toyota Recall
2004 Toyota Prius: Wear and Tear
The News Bizarre: James Sikes Runaway Toyota Prius Hybrid Incident …
Toyota Prius: Speed Racer? | Peachy Green
2010 Geneva Motor Show: Hyundai i-Flow Diesel Hybrid Concept …
Prius Runaway Story Raises Suspicion
Toyota Confirms US Launch of Compact Lexus Hybrid
Yet Another Toyota Prius Goes Rogue, Smashes Into Wall – The …
James Sikes Runaway Toyota Prius Hybrid Incident Sparks US …
Continue Reading
Toyota Prius Hybrid 2010 Full Speed0
Posted by Admin | Posted in Toyota Prius Hybrid 2010 | Posted on 12-03-2010
2010 Toyota Prius – Click
The all-new 2010 Toyota Prius
The 2010 Toyota Prius.
Toyota Prius Hybrid 2010
New 2010 Toyota Prius Hybrid
2010 toyota prius
Consumer Reports: 2010 Toyota
The car was unveiled at the Geneva Motor Show last week, but until recently the company insisted that the compact hybrid would only be sold in Europe. According to Automotive News, Lexus executives pleaded with Japan to bring to the car to the US—partly in hopes that the smaller Lexus would appeal to a younger demographic. “When the all-new Lexus CT 200h enters the market it will be the only hybrid vehicle in the emerging premium compact segment,” said Mark Templin, Lexus Division group vice president and general manager.
The recipe for the CT 200h is to place a Prius-type hybrid system—featuring a 1.8-liter gas engine with variable valve timing, and energy storage with a nickel-metal hydride battery pack—into small relatively affordable premium compact car. Lexus said the CT 200h will ride on a new front-wheel-drive platform with a MacPherson strut front suspension and double wishbones at the rear.
Toyota Prius: Speed Racer? | Peachy Green
Yet Another Toyota Prius Goes Rogue, Smashes Into Wall – The …
Hybrid Cars Toyota Prius | automobiles.com
How Toyota's Prius Troubles Will Shape the Green Car Market …
2010 Toyota Prius
Runaway Toyota Prius owner is a Corvette Owners Club member, 911 …
Hybrid and Electric Cars News published on March 12, 2010 …
Toyota's Prius put in the spotlight
Toyota offers hybrids by 2010: chief – Lexus Auto
How Toyota's Prius Troubles Will Shape the Green Car Market
Continue Reading
Toyota Prius Hybrid 2010 Fast, Fun, and Fabulous0
Posted by Admin | Posted in Toyota Prius Hybrid 2010 | Posted on 12-03-2010
New 2010 Toyota Prius Hybrid
2010 Toyota Prius Hybrid Wagon
toyota prius 2010 blue hybrid
Toyota Prius Hybrid 2010
2010 Toyota Prius hybrid
The 2010 Toyota Prius.
The all-new 2010 Toyota Prius
James Sikes, a 61-year-old San Diego-based real estate executive, made national news this week when he claimed that his 2008 Toyota Prius sped out of control on California’s Interstate 8. Sikes said, “I pushed the gas pedal to pass a car and it did something kind of funny…it jumped and it just stuck there.” Speaking at a news conference yesterday, Sikes said, “I was trying the brakes…it wasn’t stopping, it wasn’t doing anything and it just kept speeding up.” The story was picked up by major national media and ricocheted around the Internet.
According to Sikes, he was unable to shift into neutral, power down the car, or apply the parking brake—but but he did manage to call 911. Whle Sikes was on the call, which lasted 23 minutes, a California Highway Patrolman raced to the side of the speeding car. The patrolman used a loudspeaker to advise Sikes to apply the parking brake and foot brake simultaneously, and thereby successfully bring the car to a stop. There are conflicting reports about whether or not Sikes tried to put the Prius into neutral during the early part of the incident.
2004 Toyota Prius: Wear and Tear
2010 TOYOTA Prius 5dr HB I JUST TRADED Video | Cadillac Car News …
2010 Toyota Prius IV – Gas Sipping & Fun. Toyota Prius For Sale
“I am not afraid of my Toyota Prius”
More Toyota Prius Acceleration Issues Reveal Lack of Fix …
2010 Toyota Prius
Toyota Confirms US Launch of Compact Lexus Hybrid
Hybrid Cars Toyota Prius | automobiles.com
How Toyota's Prius Troubles Will Shape the Green Car Market
All about Toyota Prius Pictures and Videos.
Toyota Prius Hybrid 2010 Full Resolution0
Posted by Admin | Posted in Toyota Prius Hybrid 2010 | Posted on 12-03-2010
2010-toyota-prius-hybrid
2010 Toyota Prius Third
2010 Toyota Prius – Third
2010 Toyota Prius — 'more of
2010 Toyota Prius Hybrid
2010 Toyota Prius Plug-in
2010 Toyota Prius Plug In
In just the first 10 weeks of this year, 272 complaints have been filed nationwide for speed control problems with the Prius, according to an Associated Press analysis of unverified complaints received by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.
For problems with the brakes, rather than the gas, the figures are even more stark: 1,816 filed so far this year versus just 90 in all of 2009 and fewer than 20 in every other year of the last decade. Toyota recalled 440,000 Priuses on Feb. 8 because its antilock brakes seemed to fail momentarily on bumpy roads.
2004-2008 Toyota Prius Recall Will Reshape Accelerator Pedal …
Runaway Prius Hybrid Could Prompt Toyota Recall
2004 Toyota Prius: Wear and Tear
The News Bizarre: James Sikes Runaway Toyota Prius Hybrid Incident …
Toyota Prius: Speed Racer? | Peachy Green
2010 Geneva Motor Show: Hyundai i-Flow Diesel Hybrid Concept …
Prius Runaway Story Raises Suspicion
Toyota Confirms US Launch of Compact Lexus Hybrid
Yet Another Toyota Prius Goes Rogue, Smashes Into Wall – The …
James Sikes Runaway Toyota Prius Hybrid Incident Sparks US …
Continue Reading
Toyota Prius Hybrid 2010 Full Speed0
Posted by Admin | Posted in Toyota Prius Hybrid 2010 | Posted on 12-03-2010
2010 Toyota Prius – Click
The all-new 2010 Toyota Prius
The 2010 Toyota Prius.
Toyota Prius Hybrid 2010
New 2010 Toyota Prius Hybrid
2010 toyota prius
Consumer Reports: 2010 Toyota
The car was unveiled at the Geneva Motor Show last week, but until recently the company insisted that the compact hybrid would only be sold in Europe. According to Automotive News, Lexus executives pleaded with Japan to bring to the car to the US—partly in hopes that the smaller Lexus would appeal to a younger demographic. “When the all-new Lexus CT 200h enters the market it will be the only hybrid vehicle in the emerging premium compact segment,” said Mark Templin, Lexus Division group vice president and general manager.
The recipe for the CT 200h is to place a Prius-type hybrid system—featuring a 1.8-liter gas engine with variable valve timing, and energy storage with a nickel-metal hydride battery pack—into small relatively affordable premium compact car. Lexus said the CT 200h will ride on a new front-wheel-drive platform with a MacPherson strut front suspension and double wishbones at the rear.
Toyota Prius: Speed Racer? | Peachy Green
Yet Another Toyota Prius Goes Rogue, Smashes Into Wall – The …
Hybrid Cars Toyota Prius | automobiles.com
How Toyota's Prius Troubles Will Shape the Green Car Market …
2010 Toyota Prius
Runaway Toyota Prius owner is a Corvette Owners Club member, 911 …
Hybrid and Electric Cars News published on March 12, 2010 …
Toyota's Prius put in the spotlight
Toyota offers hybrids by 2010: chief – Lexus Auto
How Toyota's Prius Troubles Will Shape the Green Car Market
Continue Reading
Toyota Prius Hybrid 2010 Fast, Fun, and Fabulous0
Posted by Admin | Posted in Toyota Prius Hybrid 2010 | Posted on 12-03-2010
New 2010 Toyota Prius Hybrid
2010 Toyota Prius Hybrid Wagon
toyota prius 2010 blue hybrid
Toyota Prius Hybrid 2010
2010 Toyota Prius hybrid
The 2010 Toyota Prius.
The all-new 2010 Toyota Prius
James Sikes, a 61-year-old San Diego-based real estate executive, made national news this week when he claimed that his 2008 Toyota Prius sped out of control on California’s Interstate 8. Sikes said, “I pushed the gas pedal to pass a car and it did something kind of funny…it jumped and it just stuck there.” Speaking at a news conference yesterday, Sikes said, “I was trying the brakes…it wasn’t stopping, it wasn’t doing anything and it just kept speeding up.” The story was picked up by major national media and ricocheted around the Internet.
According to Sikes, he was unable to shift into neutral, power down the car, or apply the parking brake—but but he did manage to call 911. Whle Sikes was on the call, which lasted 23 minutes, a California Highway Patrolman raced to the side of the speeding car. The patrolman used a loudspeaker to advise Sikes to apply the parking brake and foot brake simultaneously, and thereby successfully bring the car to a stop. There are conflicting reports about whether or not Sikes tried to put the Prius into neutral during the early part of the incident.
2004 Toyota Prius: Wear and Tear
2010 TOYOTA Prius 5dr HB I JUST TRADED Video | Cadillac Car News …
2010 Toyota Prius IV – Gas Sipping & Fun. Toyota Prius For Sale
“I am not afraid of my Toyota Prius”
More Toyota Prius Acceleration Issues Reveal Lack of Fix …
2010 Toyota Prius
Toyota Confirms US Launch of Compact Lexus Hybrid
Hybrid Cars Toyota Prius | automobiles.com
How Toyota's Prius Troubles Will Shape the Green Car Market
Friday, June 18, 2010
My rsespie
hari ini cikgusejarah nak masak Ikan Siakap lagi.....Ikan Siakap ni memang Sedap....lagipun kat Pasaraya Nirwana Kubang Kerian, harga ikan Siakap memang murah RM10.99 sahaja sekilo...bolehlah makan ikan siakap setiap minggu dan buat resipi yg pelbagai
Resipi Ikan Siakap Sos Plum
Bahan-bahan
1 ekor ikan siakap besar
Sos Plum
1 labu bawang putih
2 biji bawang besar dipotong dadu
1 Tin nenas dalam tin
1 tangkai daun ketumbar
3 biji cili padi
garam, gula secukup rasa
Cara Masak
1. Lumurkan garam kunyit pada ikan
2. Goreng ikan hingga garing ( untuk elakkan ikan melekat dikuali ) masukkan 2 keping asam geluggur semasa memanaskan minyak )
3. Bila Ikan dah garing, angkat dan letakkan di diatas pinggan
4. Tumis bawang putih, bawang merah dan bawang besar,
5. Masukkan air, sos plum dan nenas
6. kacau, dan masukkan garam dan gula secukup rasa
7. Akhir Sekali masukkan daun ketumbar
8. Angkat dan curahkan di atas ikan siakap tadi.
9.Selesai....boleh makan dengan seenakkanya........buat sendiri jimat kos jika makan di kedia..harga dekat RM35.00.....
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Thursday, June 17, 2010
chools of Pharmacy in Malaysia
I have added a page listing the Schools of Pharmacy in Malaysia for those of you budding pharmacists. I put in links to all the relevant websites I could find and also a link to the list Recognised Schools of Pharmacy in Malaysia as determined by the local Pharmacy Board (this was located in reponse to a query in the MMR Forums). If there are other schools of pharmacy we have left out can someone please send us feedback. TQ
The MMR has a section on Schools with links to Malaysian Medical, Nursing and now Pharmacy Schools. Next on my to-do list is Dental schools in Malaysia.
USM’s webpage has something for those considering a Career in Pharmacy
Career of A Pharmacist
Upon completion of a recognised B.Pharm. degree, a pharmacy graduate is required to undergo a period of housemanship or pupillage for 12 months at any general or private hospital, pharmaceutical industry or at any retail pharmacy recognised by the Pharmacy Board of Malaysia. The objective of the pupillage is for graduates to undergo a planned training programme on aspects of pharmacy practice under the supervision of a registered pharmacist. After passing the Forensic Pharmacy examination and completing one year of pupillage, graduates are eligible to register with the Pharmacy Board of Malaysia and may practise as a registered Pharmacist in Malaysia.
The career of a pharmacist offers a large scope of employment opportunities. A pharmacist may choose to work either in the government or in the private sector. In the government sector, job opportunities for the pharmacists are available in government hospitals, university hospitals, and in military hospitals. Besides these, as enforcement officers, pharmacists play an important role in the field of enforcement and drug registration. While in the private sector, pharmacists may serve in private hospitals, community pharmacy, or as sales executives for local or multinational pharmaceutical companies. In the pharmaceutical industry, pharmacists may serve at the management or sales level, or they may be directly involved in the quality control, and the manufacturing or development of drugs. Moreover, since quite a few institutes of higher education (IPT) are currently offering the Pharmacy course, the demand for academic staff is increasing.
At present, the job prospects for Pharmacists are very bright since there is a shortage of Pharmacists in both the public and private sectors. Pharmacy graduates will not be facing any problem in securing a job.
Related links
Malaysian Pharmaceutical Society
Related MMR post:
Considering a career in Medicine
Technorati Tags: schools, pharmacy, pharmaceutical, career, university, college
Last 5 posts by Palmdoc
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Pharmacists
- Nature of the Work
- Training, Other Qualifications, and Advancement
- Employment
- Job Outlook
- Projections
- Earnings
- Wages
- Related Occupations
- Sources of Additional Information
Significant Points
- Excellent job opportunities are expected.
- Earnings are relatively high, but some pharmacists are required to work nights, weekends, and holidays.
- Pharmacists are becoming more involved in counseling patients and planning drug therapy programs.
- Pharmacists must graduate from an accredited college of pharmacy and pass a series of examinations to be licensed.
Nature of the WorkAbout this section
Pharmacists distribute prescription drugs to individuals. They also advise their patients, physicians, and other health practitioners on the selection, dosages, interactions, and side effects of medications, as well as monitor the health and progress of those patients to ensure that they are using their medications safely and effectively. Compounding—the actual mixing of ingredients to form medications—is a small part of a pharmacist's practice, because most medicines are produced by pharmaceutical companies in standard dosages and drug delivery forms. Most pharmacists work in a community setting, such as a retail drugstore, or in a healthcare facility, such as a hospital.
Pharmacists in community pharmacies dispense medications, counsel patients on the use of prescription and over-the-counter medications, and advise physicians about medication therapy. They also advise patients about general health topics, such as diet, exercise, and stress management, and provide information on products, such as durable medical equipment or home healthcare supplies. In addition, they often complete third-party insurance forms and other paperwork. Those who own or manage community pharmacies may sell non-health-related merchandise, hire and supervise personnel, and oversee the general operation of the pharmacy. Some community pharmacists provide specialized services to help patients with conditions such as diabetes, asthma, smoking cessation, or high blood pressure. Some pharmacists are trained to administer vaccinations.
Pharmacists in healthcare facilities dispense medications and advise the medical staff on the selection and effects of drugs. They may make sterile solutions to be administered intravenously. They also plan, monitor, and evaluate drug programs or regimens. They may counsel hospitalized patients on the use of drugs before the patients are discharged.
Some pharmacists specialize in specific drug therapy areas, such as intravenous nutrition support, oncology (cancer), nuclear pharmacy (used for chemotherapy), geriatric pharmacy, and psychiatric pharmacy (the use of drugs to treat mental disorders).
Most pharmacists keep confidential computerized records of patients' drug therapies to prevent harmful drug interactions. Pharmacists are responsible for the accuracy of every prescription that is filled, but they often rely upon pharmacy technicians to assist them in the dispensing medications. (Pharmacy technicians are covered elsewhere in the Handbook.) Thus, the pharmacist may delegate prescription-filling and administrative tasks and supervise their completion. Pharmacists also frequently oversee pharmacy students serving as interns.
Some pharmacists are involved in research for pharmaceutical manufacturers, developing new drugs and testing their effects. Others work in marketing or sales, providing clients with expertise on the use, effectiveness, and possible side effects of drugs. Some pharmacists work for health insurance companies, developing pharmacy benefit packages and carrying out cost-benefit analyses on certain drugs. Other pharmacists work for the government, managed care organizations, public healthcare services, or the armed services. Finally, some pharmacists are employed full time or part time as college faculty, teaching classes and performing research in a wide range of areas.
Work environment. Pharmacists work in clean, well-lighted, and well-ventilated areas. Many pharmacists spend most of their workday on their feet. When working with sterile or dangerous pharmaceutical products, pharmacists wear gloves, masks, and other protective equipment.
Most pharmacists work about 40 hours a week, but about 12 percent worked more than 50 hours per week in 2008. In addition, about 19 percent of pharmacists worked part-time. Many community and hospital pharmacies are open for extended hours, so pharmacists may be required to work nights, weekends, and holidays. Consultant pharmacists may travel to healthcare facilities to monitor patients' drug therapies.
Pharmacists provide prescription medications to patients in hospitals, grocery stores, and a variety of other settings.
Training, Other Qualifications, and AdvancementAbout this section
A license is required in all States and the District of Columbia, as well as in Guam, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. In order to obtain a license, pharmacists generally must earn a Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.) degree from a college of pharmacy and pass several examinations.
Education and training. Pharmacists who are trained in the United States must earn a Pharm.D. degree from an accredited college or school of pharmacy. The Pharm.D. degree has replaced the Bachelor of Pharmacy degree, which is no longer being awarded. To be admitted to a Pharm.D. program, an applicant must have completed at least 2 years of specific professional study. This requirement generally includes courses in mathematics and natural sciences, such as chemistry, biology, and physics, as well as courses in the humanities and social sciences. In addition, most applicants have completed 3 or more years at a college or university before moving on to a Pharm.D. program, although this is not specifically required.
Pharm.D. programs generally take 4 years to complete. The courses offered are designed to teach students about all aspects of drug therapy. In addition, students learn how to communicate with patients and other healthcare providers about drug information and patient care. Students also learn professional ethics, concepts of public health, and business management. In addition to receiving classroom instruction, students in Pharm.D. programs spend time working with licensed pharmacists in a variety of practice settings.
Some Pharm.D. graduates obtain further training through 1-year or 2-year residency programs or fellowships. Pharmacy residencies are postgraduate training programs in pharmacy practice and usually require the completion of a research project. The programs are often mandatory for pharmacists who wish to work in a clinical setting. Pharmacy fellowships are highly individualized programs that are designed to prepare participants to work in a specialized area of pharmacy, such clinical practice or research laboratories. Some pharmacists who own their own pharmacy obtain a master's degree in business administration (MBA). Others may obtain a degree in public administration or public health.
Licensure. A license to practice pharmacy is required in all States and the District of Columbia, as well as in Guam, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. To obtain a license, a prospective pharmacist generally must obtain a Pharm.D. degree from a college of pharmacy that has been approved by the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education. After obtaining the Pharm.D. degree, the individual must pass a series of examinations. All States, U.S. territories, and the District of Columbia require the North American Pharmacist Licensure Exam (NAPLEX), which tests pharmacy skills and knowledge. Forty-four States and the District of Columbia also require the Multistate Pharmacy Jurisprudence Exam (MPJE), which tests pharmacy law. Both exams are administered by the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy (NABP). Each of the eight States and territories that do not require the MJPE has its own pharmacy law exam. Besides requiring the NAPLEX and law examination, some States and territories require additional exams that are unique to their jurisdictions. All jurisdictions also require a specified number of hours of experience in a practice setting before a license is awarded. In most jurisdictions, this requirement can be met while obtaining the Pharm.D. In many States, applicants must meet an age requirement before a license can be obtained, and some States require a criminal background check.
All States and U.S. territories except Puerto Rico permit licensure for graduates of foreign pharmacy schools. These individuals must apply for certification from the Foreign Pharmacy Graduate Examination Committee (FPGEC). Once certified, they must pass the Foreign Pharmacy Graduate Equivalency Examination (FPGEE), Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) exam, and Test of Spoken English (TSE) exam. Then they must pass all of the exams required by the licensing jurisdiction, such as the NAPLEX and MJPE, and meet the requirements for practical experience. In some States, applicants who graduated from programs accredited by the Canadian Council for Accreditation of Pharmacy Programs (CCAPP) between 1993 and 2004 are exempt from FPGEC certification and examination requirements.
Other qualifications. Prospective pharmacists should have scientific aptitude, good interpersonal skills, and a desire to help others. They also must be conscientious and pay close attention to detail, because the decisions they make affect human lives.
Advancement. In community pharmacies, pharmacists usually begin at the staff level. Pharmacists in chain drugstores may be promoted to pharmacy supervisor or store manager. Some pharmacists may be promoted to manager at the district or regional level and, later, to an executive position within the chain's headquarters. Hospital pharmacists may advance to supervisory or administrative positions. Some pharmacists become owners or part owners of independent pharmacies. Pharmacists in the pharmaceutical industry may advance in marketing, sales, research, quality control, production, or other areas.
EmploymentAbout this section
Pharmacists held about 269,900 jobs in 2008. About 65 percent worked in retail settings. Most of these were salaried employees, but a small number were self-employed owners. About 22 percent of pharmacists worked in hospitals. A small proportion worked in mail-order and Internet pharmacies, pharmaceutical wholesalers, offices of physicians, and the Federal Government.
Job OutlookAbout this section
Employment is expected to increase faster than the average. As a result of job growth, the need to replace workers who leave the occupation, and the limited capacity of training programs, job prospects should be excellent.
Employment change. Employment of pharmacists is expected to grow by 17 percent between 2008 and 2018, which is faster than the average for all occupations. The increasing numbers of middle-aged and elderly people—who use more prescription drugs than younger people—will continue to spur demand for pharmacists throughout the projection period. In addition, as scientific advances lead to new drug products, and as an increasing number of people obtain prescription drug coverage, the need for these workers will continue to expand.
Pharmacists also are becoming more involved in patient care. As prescription drugs become more complex, and as the number of people taking multiple medications increases, the potential for dangerous drug interactions will grow. Pharmacists will be needed to counsel patients on the proper use of medication, assist in drug selection and dosage, and monitor complex drug regimens. This need will lead to rapid growth for pharmacists in medical care establishments, such as doctors’ offices, outpatient care centers, and nursing care facilities.
Demand also will increase in mail-order pharmacies, which often are more efficient than pharmacies in other practice settings. Employment also will continue to grow in hospitals, drugstores, grocery stores, and mass retailers, because pharmacies in these settings will continue to process the majority of all prescriptions and increasingly will offer patient care services, such as the administration of vaccines.
Job prospects. Job prospects are expected to be excellent over the 2008–18 period. Employers in many parts of the country report difficulty in attracting and retaining adequate numbers of pharmacists—primarily the result of the limited training capacity of Pharm.D. programs. In addition, as a larger percentage of pharmacists elects to work part time, more individuals will be needed to fill the same number of prescriptions. Job openings also will result from faster than average employment growth and from the need to replace workers who retire or leave the occupation for other reasons.
Projections DataAbout this section
Occupational Title | SOC Code | Employment, 2008 | Projected | Change, | Detailed Statistics | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | Percent | ||||||
Pharmacists | [PDF] | [XLS] | |||||
NOTE: Data in this table are rounded. See the discussion of the employment projections table in the Handbook introductory chapter on Occupational Information Included in the Handbook. | |||||||
EarningsAbout this section
Median annual wages of wage and salary pharmacists in May 2008 were $106,410. The middle 50 percent earned between $92,670 and $121,310 a year. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $77,390, and the highest 10 percent earned more than $131,440 a year.
Related OccupationsAbout this section
Other workers who are employed in pharmacies, work with pharmaceutical compounds, or are involved in patient care include:
Pharmacy technicians and aides
Sources of Additional InformationAbout this section
For information on pharmacy as a career, preprofessional and professional requirements, programs offered by colleges of pharmacy, and student financial aid, contact:
- American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy, 1727 King St., Alexandria, VA 22314. Internet: http://www.aacp.org
General information on careers in pharmacy is available from:
- American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 7272 Wisconsin Ave., Bethesda, MD 20814. Internet: http://www.ashp.org
- National Association of Chain Drug Stores, 413 N. Lee St., Alexandria, VA 22313. Internet: http://www.nacds.org
- Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy, 100 North Pitt St., Suite 400, Alexandria, VA 22314. Internet: http://www.amcp.org
- American Pharmacists Association, 2215 Constitution Ave. NW., Washington, DC 20037. Internet: http://www.pharmacist.com
Information on the North American Pharmacist Licensure Exam (NAPLEX) and the Multistate Pharmacy Jurisprudence Exam (MPJE) is available from:
- National Association of Boards of Pharmacy, 1600 Feehanville Dr., Mount Prospect, IL 60056. Internet: http://www.nabp.net
State licensure requirements are available from each State's board of pharmacy. Information on specific college entrance requirements, curricula, and financial aid is available from any college of pharmacy.
O*NET-SOC Code CoverageAbout this section
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